分组取TOP数据是T-SQL中的常用查询, 如学生信息管理系统中取出每个学科前3名的学生。这种查询在SQL Server 2005之前,写起来很繁琐,需要用到临时表关联查询才能取到。SQL Server 2005后之后,引入了row_number()函数,row_number()函数的分组排序功能使这种操作变得非常简单。下面是一个简单示例:
--1.创建测试表create table #score( name varchar(20), subject varchar(20), score int)--2.插入测试数据insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('张三','语文',98)insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('张三','数学',80)insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('张三','英语',90)insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('李四','语文',88)insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('李四','数学',86)insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('李四','英语',88)insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('李明','语文',60)insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('李明','数学',86)insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('李明','英语',88)insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('林风','语文',74)insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('林风','数学',99)insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('林风','英语',59)insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('严明','英语',96)--3.取每个学科的前3名数据select * from ( select subject,name,score,ROW_NUMBER() over(PARTITION by subject order by score desc) as num from #score) T where T.num <= 3 order by subject--4.删除临时表truncate table #scoredrop table #score
语法形式:ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY COL1 ORDER BY COL2)
解释:根据COL1分组,在分组内部根据 COL2排序,而此函数计算的值就表示每组内部排序后的顺序编号(组内连续的唯一的)